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Address details

The original IEEE 802 MAC address, now officially called "MAC-48", comes from the Ethernet specification. Since the original designers of Ethernet had the foresight to use a 48-bit address space, there are potentially 248 or 281,474,976,710,656 possible MAC addresses.

All three numbering systems use the same format and differ only in the length of the identifier. Addresses can either be "universally administered addresses" or "locally administered addresses."

A universally administered address is uniquely assigned to a device by its manufacturer; these are sometimes called "burned-in addresses." The first three octets (in transmission order) identify the organization that issued the identifier and are known as the Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI). The following three (MAC-48 and EUI-48) or five (EUI-64) octets are assigned by that organization in nearly any manner they please, subject to the constraint of uniqueness. The IEEE expects the MAC-48 space to be exhausted no sooner than the year 2100; EUI-64s are not expected to run out in the foreseeable future.

A locally administered address is assigned to a device by a network administrator, overriding the burned-in address. Locally administered addresses do not contain OUIs.

Universally administered and locally administered addresses are distinguished by setting the second most significant bit of the most significant byte of the address. If the bit is 0, the address is universally administered. If it is 1, the address is locally administered. The bit is 0 in all OUIs. For example, 40-00-00-00-00-01 is a locally administered address.

MAC-48 and EUI-48 addresses are usually shown in hexadecimal format, with each octet separated by a dash or colon. An example of a MAC-48 address would be "00-08-74-4C-7F-1D". If you cross-reference the first three octets with IEEE's OUI assignments,[2] you can see that this MAC address came from Dell Computer Corp. The last three octets represent the serial number assigned to the adapter by the manufacturer